The Political Economy of Tax Reforms and the Implications for Social Development in Nicaragua
This paper examines the mobilization of domestic resources for social development in Nicaragua, analysing the fiscal system, its main tool. The main argument of the paper is that many tax reforms that have taken place in Nicaragua since the 1970s have been motivated mainly by the objective to increase...
Read MoreA Political Economy Analysis of Domestic Resource Mobilization in Uganda
This synthesis paper brings together the research findings from four papers prepared by the Uganda team as a part of the UNRISD Politics of Domestic Resource Mobilization for Social Development project, which addresses three broad themes: bargaining and contestation, key relations, and institution building with regard to mobilizing resources...
Read MoreReformas Estatales, Fortalecimiento Institucional y Políticas de Movilización de Recursos en Nicaragua: El Caso del Sector de la Salud
En el presente estudio sobre la movilización de recursos domésticos para el desarrollo social se analiza el sector de la salud en Nicaragua desde 1972 hasta 2015. Se examinan las variaciones en las políticas que afectan el sector salud y su financiamiento, el papel de las instituciones, la fuerza...
Read MoreA Case for Institutional Demand as Effective Social Protection: supporting smallholders through procurement and food assistance programmes
This paper focuses on the rationale for state-based market interventions to support smallholder production along with some case studies that follow the evolution and impact of what we call “institutional demand” policies. Institutional demand is an intervention that aims to improve regional markets by establishing coordinated purchases for regional...
Read MoreFiscal Space for Social Protection and the SDGs: Options to Expand Social Investments in 187 Countries (ESS Working Paper No. 48)
It is often argued that social protection is not affordable or that government expenditure cuts are inevitable during adjustment periods. But there are alternatives, even in the poorest countries. This working paper offers eight options that should be explored to expand fiscal space and generate resources to achieve the...
Read MorePolítica Fiscal para la Igualdad y los Derechos: Mapeo de debates, iniciativas y actores de la Región Andina
La política fiscal tiene un rol central en la superación de las desigualdades socio-económicas y el cumplimiento de los derechos humanos. Su potencial rol redistributivo convierte a esta política en una herramienta única para lograr un modelo de desarrollo que tenga como ejes centrales la igualdad, los derechos humanos...
Read MoreWorld Economic Situation and Prospects
Financing Development for Children in Africa: The state of budget transparency and accountability in the continent
This report builds on the findings of the Open Budget Survey 2015, by taking a closer look at the 31 African countries included in the survey. It seeks to promote transparency and accountability in the use of government budgets in Africa. The rationale for this report is twofold. First,...
Read MoreReport on the effects of foreign debt and other related international financial obligations of State submitted by the Independent Expert on foreign debt and human rights on his mission to the institutions of the EU (A/HRC/34/57/Add.1)
The Secretariat has the honour to transmit to the Human Rights Council the report of the Independent Expert on the effects of foreign debt and other related international financial obligations of States on the full enjoyment of all human rights, particularly economic, social and cultural rights, Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky,...
Read MoreEl Financiamiento del Desarrollo en Bolivia: Cambios y Continuidades en la Relación Estado-Cooperación Internacional (2006–2013)
Este document analiza los cambios en la relación entre el estado y la cooperación internacional en Bolivia a partir de 2006. La hipótesis de inicio sostiene que Bolivia logró una autonomía económica tal con la bonanza económica registrada desde 2006 que modificó el marco de las relaciones entre el ...
Read MoreThe Political Economy of Mineral Resource Governance and Children’s Rights in Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea has had a diverse history of contestation over resource revenues during its past forty years since independence. The major actors have been the national and provincial level governments and politicians, international development agencies, resources companies and local landowners in project development areas. This paper explores the...
Read MoreMovilización de Recursos Domésticos, Desarrollo Social y Cambio Institucional: Descentralización y Autonomías Municipales en Bolivia
El presente documento analiza la movilización de recursos domésticos para el desarrollo social desde la perspectiva de los gobiernos municipales en Bolivia. Luego de dos décadas de descentralización y seis años de autonomías, las brechas sociales entre municipios siguen siendo profundas y se explican, en parte, por la debilidad ...
Read MoreRationalizing Social Protection Expenditure in Ghana
This report has been prepared in the context of the Ghana Social Opportunities Project that seeks to support Ghana to rationalize its social protection expenditure. The Report analyses expenditure in terms of its sustainability, robustness, efficiency and effectiveness in preventing or reducing poverty, social exclusion and ill health. It...
Read MoreLong-term Care of Older Persons in China
The rapid increase of the number of older persons, particularly the oldest-old – those above 80 years – increases the need for long-term care for older persons in the Asia-Pacific region. This working paper series examines the prevailing system of provision and financing of long-term care for older persons...
Read MoreFinancing Social Protection: Securing solidarity-grounded financing for social protection schemes in Asia-Pacific
Publication – Compendium Social Protection Floors: Volume 3 – Governance and financing
The volumes on Social Protection Floors present best practices and experiences from countries that are useful for South-South learning, for practitioners and to provide the basis for more informed policy-making. Volume 3 describes mechanisms to build social protection floors, such as a national dialogue in Myanmar, reaching rural dwellers...
Read MoreFinancing for Gender Equality in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals
This paper identifies a series of macro-level tools to create a supportive environment and generate the resources to promote the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to gender equality. The paper argues that financing for gender equality can be self-sustaining because of the feedback effects from gender equality to economy-wide...
Read MoreForeign Debt & Human Rights (A/HRC/31/60/Add.2) Mission to Greece
In the present report, the Independent Expert assesses new developments since the visit of the previous mandate-holder in April 2013 to address human rights concerns arising out of the debt crisis and the economic structural adjustment programmes implemented in Greece (see A/HRC/25/50/Add.1). Link to...
Read MoreNew Wave of Austerity Puts Gender Equality (and the SDGs) at Risk
When Agenda 2030 was adopted in September 2015, women’s rights advocates were pleased to see much of what they had been advocating reflected in the new agenda. Moving beyond the narrow goals and targets of the Millennium Development Goals, not only has the process of defining the new agenda...
Read MoreWhy Macroeconomic Policy Matters for Gender Equality
This brief synthesizes research findings, analysis and policy recommendations on creating an alternative gender-responsive macroeconomic agenda. Macroeconomic policy, including fiscal and monetary policy, is often thought of as gender-neutral. But economic policy choices affect women and men differently because of their different positions in the economy, both market (paid)...
Read MoreBringing Taxation into Social Protection Analysis and Planning
The expansion of social protection in low- and middle-income countries over the last two decades has been accompanied by a growing number of studies on the distributional impact of social protection spending. When such analyses consider social protection separately from tax policy, they provide a partial picture of the...
Read MoreEstablishing Comprehensive National Old Age Pension Systems
This paper discusses the policy options available to developing countries committed to offering universal pension coverage and maximising the incomes of older people. It presents a basic model of a pension system comprising up to three tiers that can be adapted to the circumstances of all countries. The model...
Read MoreIntegrated Social Policy Report V: Towards a New Welfare Mix? Rethinking the Role of the State, the Market and Civil Society in the Provision of Social Protection and Social Services
Welfare systems in Arab countries are at their limits. Stretched by substantial population growth over the past years, the Governments are increasingly unable to integrate all people from all ages, all regions and all income groups into the labour market and into social protection schemes. After initial years of...
Read MoreIntegrated Social Policy Report IV: Labour Markets and Labour Market Policy in the ESCWA Region
Whatever one thinks of as factors of growth and development, the human factor – human intelligence and creativity – is the most important source. Abundance of capital and natural resources certainly helps, but it still takes people to turn such resources into their most productive use. Markets do not...
Read MoreDesign Options, Cost and Impacts of a Cash Transfer Programme in Senegal: Simulation Results
Children represent over half of the Senegalese population and a large portion of them remains poor and vulnerable. Health, education and poverty indicators suggest that many children are in critical situations, in urgent need of social protection and that significant disparities are found across location and wealth. Nationwide, 5%...
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